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Types

  • SQL is a query language to operate on sets. It is more or less standardized, and used by almost all relational database management systems: SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, DB2, Informix, etc.
  • PL/SQL is a proprietary procedural language used by Oracle
  • PL/pgSQL is a procedural language used by PostgreSQL
  • TSQL is a proprietary procedural language used by Microsoft in SQL Server.

PL/SQL​

PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages.It was developed by Oracle Corporation

Specialities of PL/SQL​

  • completely portable, high-performance transaction-processing language.
  • provides a built-in interpreted and OS independent programming environment.
  • directly be called from the command-line SQL*Plus interface.
  • Direct call can also be made from external programming language calls to database.
  • general syntax is based on that of ADA and Pascal programming language.
  • Apart from Oracle, it is available in TimesTen in-memory database and IBM DB2.

Features​

  • PL/SQL is tightly integrated with SQL.
  • It offers extensive error checking.
  • It offers numerous data types.
  • It offers a variety of programming structures.
  • It supports structured programming through functions and procedures.
  • It supports object-oriented programming.
  • It supports the development of web applications and server pages.

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/plsql/plsql_overview.htm

T-SQL (Transact SQL)​

T-SQL (Transact-SQL) is a set of programming extensions from Sybase and Microsoft that add several features to the Structured Query Language (SQL), including transaction control, exception and error handling, row processing and declared variables. It is used primarily in Microsoft SQL Server.

All applications that communicate with SQL Server do so by sending T-SQL statements to the server. T-SQL queries include the SELECT statement, selecting columns, labeling output columns, restricting rows and modifying a search condition.

T-SQL identifiers, meanwhile, are used in all databases, servers, and database objects in SQL Server. These include the following tables, constraints, stored procedures, views, columns and data types. T-SQL identifiers must each have a unique name, are assigned when an object is created and are used to identify an object.

T-SQL Functions​

In addition to SQL Server's built-in functions, users can define functions using T-SQL.

Types of T-SQL functions include:

  • Aggregate functions, which operate on a collection of values, but return one summary value.
  • Ranking functions, which return a ranking value for every row within a partition.
  • Rowset functions, which return an object that can be used as a table reference in SQL statements.
  • Scalar functions, which operate on a single value and return a single value.

SQL Server also supports analytical functions in T-SQL to depict complex analytical tasks. These analytical functions enable IT pros to perform common analysis, such as ranking, percentiles, moving averages and cumulative sums to be expressed in a single SQL statement.

Difference between T-SQL and SQL​

There are three distinct differences between the two.

  • While T-SQL is an extension to SQL, SQL is a programming language.
  • T-SQL contains procedural programming and local variable, while SQL does not.
  • T-SQL is proprietary, while SQL is an open format.

https://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/T-SQL