Skip to main content

Mathematics

Outline

Pure mathematics

Foundation which underlies mathematic logic and the rest of mathematics. It tries to formalize valid reasoning. It attempts to define what constitutes a proof.- Intuitionistic logic

Study of algebraic structures, which are sets and operations defined on these sets satisfying certain axioms.- Associative algebra

Calculus and Analysis - Studies the computation of limits, derivatives, and integrals of functions of real numbers, and in particular studies instantaneous rates of change.- Complex analysis

Probability theory is the formalization and study of the mathematics of uncertain events or knowledge. The related field of mathematical statistics develops statistical theory with mathematics.Statistics, the science concerned with collecting and analyzing data,- Ergodic theory

Study of spatial figures like circles and cubes.

Topology developed from geometry; it looks at those properties that do not change even when the figures are deformed by stretching and bending, like dimension- Affine geometry

Studies natural, whole and prime numbers.- Algebraic number theory

Study of discrete (and usually finite) objects

  • Enumerative combinatorics

Counting the objects satisfying certain criteria

  • Combinatorial designs and matroid theory

Deciding when the criteria can be met, and constructing and analyzing objects meeting the criteria

  • External combinatorics and combinatorial optimization

Finding "largest", "smallest", or "optimal" objects

  • Algebraic combinatorics

Finding algebraic structures these objects may have- Coding theory- Cryptography

A differential equation is an equation involving an unknown function and its derivatives- Chaos theory

Game theory is a branch of mathematics that uses models to study interactions with formalized incentive structures ("games").- Graph theory

Operations research is the study and use of mathematical models, statistics and algorithms to aid in decision-making, typically with the goal of improving or optimizing performance of real-world systems.- Assignment problem

Study of algorithms and data structures- Computational complexity theory- Information theory and signal processing

Quantification of information (fundamental limits on compressing and reliably communicating data)

Processing signals (filtering, storage and reconstruction, separation of information from noise, compression, and feature extraction)

image

image

References

A few of the best math explainers from this summer

How a Computer Broke a 50-Year Math Record - YouTube

The hidden networks of everything | Albert-László Barabási - YouTube

How can maths help us make better predictions? - with Kit Yates - YouTube