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Editors

Commenting multiple using the terminal​

  1. First, pressESC
  2. Go to the line from which you want to start commenting. Then, pressctrl + v, this will enable the visual block mode.
  3. use thedown arrowto select multiple lines that you want to comment.
  4. Now, pressSHIFT + Ito enable insert mode.
  5. Press#and it will add a comment to the first line. Then pressECSand wait for a second,#will be added to all the lines.

Uncommenting Multiple Lines​

  1. PressCTRL + Vto enable visual block mode.
  2. Move down and select the lines till you want to uncomment.
  3. pressxand it will uncomment all the selected lines at once.

VIM​

Global​

  • :help keyword- open help for keyword
  • :saveas file- save file as
  • :close- close current pane
  • K- open man page for word under the cursor

Cursor movement​

  • h- move cursor left
  • j- move cursor down
  • k- move cursor up
  • l- move cursor right
  • H- move to top of screen
  • M- move to middle of screen
  • L- move to bottom of screen
  • w- jump forwards to the start of a word
  • W- jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
  • e- jump forwards to the end of a word
  • E- jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
  • b- jump backwards to the start of a word
  • B- jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
  • %- move to matching character (default supported pairs: '()', '{}', '[]' - use:h matchpairsin vim for more info)
  • 0- jump to the start of the line
  • ^- jump to the first non-blank character of the line
  • $- jump to the end of the line
  • g_- jump to the last non-blank character of the line
  • gg- go to the first line of the document
  • G- go to the last line of the document
  • 5G- go to line 5
  • dgg - delete everything from your current line to the top of the file
  • dG - delete all lines at or below the current one
  • fx- jump to next occurrence of character x
  • tx- jump to before next occurrence of character x
  • Fx- jump to previous occurence of character x
  • Tx- jump to after previous occurence of character x
  • ;- repeat previous f, t, F or T movement
  • ,- repeat previous f, t, F or T movement, backwards
  • } - jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
  • { - jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
  • zz- center cursor on screen
  • Ctrl+e- move screen down one line (without moving cursor)
  • Ctrl+y- move screen up one line (without moving cursor)
  • Ctrl+b- move back one full screen
  • Ctrl+f- move forward one full screen
  • Ctrl+d- move forward 1/2 a screen
  • Ctrl+u- move back 1/2 a screen

TipPrefix a cursor movement command with a number to repeat it. For example,4jmoves down 4 lines.

Insert mode - inserting/appending text​

  • i- insert before the cursor
  • I- insert at the beginning of the line
  • a- insert (append) after the cursor
  • A- insert (append) at the end of the line
  • o- append (open) a new line below the current line
  • O- append (open) a new line above the current line
  • ea- insert (append) at the end of the word
  • Esc- exit insert mode

Editing​

  • r- replace a single character
  • J- join line below to the current one with one space in between
  • gJ- join line below to the current one without space in between
  • gwip- reflow paragraph
  • cc- change (replace) entire line
  • c$- change (replace) to the end of the line
  • ciw- change (replace) entire word
  • cw- change (replace) to the end of the word
  • s- delete character and substitute text
  • S- delete line and substitute text (same as cc)
  • xp- transpose two letters (delete and paste)
  • u- undo
  • Ctrl+r- redo
  • .- repeat last command

Marking text (visual mode)​

  • v- start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
  • V- start linewise visual mode
  • o- move to other end of marked area
  • Ctrl+v- start visual block mode
  • O- move to other corner of block
  • aw- mark a word
  • ab- a block with ()
  • aB- a block with {}
  • ib- inner block with ()
  • iB- inner block with {}
  • Esc- exit visual mode

Visual commands​

  • > - shift text right
  • < - shift text left
  • y - yank (copy) marked text
  • d - delete marked text
  • ~ - switch case

Registers​

  • :reg- show registers content
  • "xy- yank into register x
  • "xp- paste contents of register x
  • :%y+ - copy all lines

TipRegisters are being stored in ~/.viminfo, and will be loaded again on next restart of vim.

TipRegister 0 contains always the value of the last yank command.

Marks​

  • :marks- list of marks
  • ma- set current position for mark A
  • `a- jump to position of mark A
  • y`a- yank text to position of mark A

Macros​

  • qa- record macro a
  • q- stop recording macro
  • @a- run macro a
  • @@- rerun last run macro

Cut and paste​

  • yy- yank (copy) a line
  • 2yy- yank (copy) 2 lines
  • yw- yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
  • y$- yank (copy) to end of line
  • p- put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
  • P- put (paste) before cursor
  • dd- delete (cut) a line
  • 2dd- delete (cut) 2 lines
  • dw- delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
  • D- delete (cut) to the end of the line
  • d$- delete (cut) to the end of the line
  • x- delete (cut) character

Exiting​

  • :w- write (save) the file, but don't exit
  • :w !sudo tee %- write out the current file using sudo
  • :wqor:xorZZ- write (save) and quit
  • :q- quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
  • :q!orZQ- quit and throw away unsaved changes
  • :wqa- write (save) and quit on all tabs

Search and replace​

  • /pattern- search for pattern
  • ?pattern- search backward for pattern
  • vpattern- 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
  • n- repeat search in same direction
  • N- repeat search in opposite direction
  • :%s/old/new/g- replace all old with new throughout file
  • :%s/old/new/gc- replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
  • :noh- remove highlighting of search matches

Search in multiple files​

  • :vimgrep /pattern/ {file} - search for pattern in multiple files

e.g.:vimgrep /foo/ */

  • :cn- jump to the next match
  • :cp- jump to the previous match
  • :copen- open a window containing the list of matches

Working with multiple files​

  • :e file- edit a file in a new buffer
  • :bnextor:bn- go to the next buffer
  • :bprevor:bp- go to the previous buffer
  • :bd- delete a buffer (close a file)
  • :ls- list all open buffers
  • :sp file- open a file in a new buffer and split window
  • :vsp file- open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
  • Ctrl+ws- split window
  • Ctrl+ww- switch windows
  • Ctrl+wq- quit a window
  • Ctrl+wv- split window vertically
  • Ctrl+wh- move cursor to the left window (vertical split)
  • Ctrl+wl- move cursor to the right window (vertical split)
  • Ctrl+wj- move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)
  • Ctrl+wk- move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)

https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/learn-vim-beginners-tutorial

Nano​

ctrl + shift + 6 - Visual mode

ctrl + k - cut text