JSON

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language.

JSON is built on two structures:

A collection of name/value pairs. In various languages, this is realized as anobject, record, struct, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or associative array.
An ordered list of values. In most languages, this is realized as an array, vector, list, or sequence.

These are universal data structures. Virtually all modern programming languages support them in one form or another. It makes sense that a data format that is interchangeable with programming languages also be based on these structures.

Plain text formats, especially JSON, have some problems with number precision.

In JSON, they take on these forms:

Object

An object is an unordered set of name/value pairs. An object begins with { (left brace)and ends with } (right brace). Each name is followed by : (colon)and the name/value pairs are separated by,(comma).
Array

An array is an ordered collection of values. An array begins with [ (left bracket)and ends with ] (right bracket). Values are separated by , (comma).
Value

A value can be a string in double quotes, or a number, or true or false or null, or an object or an array. These structures can be nested.
String

A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, wrapped in double quotes, using backslash escapes. A character is represented as a single character string. A string is very much like a C or Java string.
Number

A number is very much like a C or Java number, except that the octal and hexadecimal formats are not used.
Boolean

true/false

{"sale":true}
Null

null

{"middlename":null}

Whitespace can be inserted between any pair of tokens. Excepting a few encoding details, that completely describes the language.

Control Characters

The following characters are reserved in JSON and must be properly escaped to be used in strings:

Backspace is replaced withb
Form feed is replaced withf
Newline is replaced withn
Carriage return is replaced withr
Tab is replaced witht
Double quote is replaced with"
Backslash is replaced with

JSONP

JSONP(JSON with Paddingor JSON-P) is a javascript pattern to request data by loading a <script> tag. It was proposed by Bob Ippolito in 2005.JSONP enables sharing of data bypassing same-origin policy. The policy disallows running JavaScript to read media DOM elements or XHR data fetched from outside the page's origin. The aggregation of the site's scheme, port number and host name identifies as its origin.

jsonnet

https://jsonnet.org

qp (query-pipe)

query-pipe: command-line (ND)JSON querying

A tool for filtering and transforming JSON from the command-line. Automatically interprets Newline Delimited JSON (NDJSON) fromstdin, including pretty-printed NDJSON, and can optionally query top-level array input.